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Business plans - Teacher Slides.pptx
The lesson slides with the teacher's notes on each slide, and every question and mark scheme built in. Built from the lesson script on 25 September 2026.
EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Business plans
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Last Lesson
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
Answer from memory before the answers appear.
1
Name the four Ps.
2
What is an integrated marketing mix?
3
Give one way technology has changed promotion.
4
How might a business change its mix if a competitor opens nearby?
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Last Lesson - Answers
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
1
Name the four Ps.
Product, price, promotion and place.
2
What is an integrated marketing mix?
One where the four Ps fit together for the target market.
3
Give one way technology has changed promotion.
Social media, email or websites - cheap and targeted.
4
How might a business change its mix if a competitor opens nearby?
Make the product different, keep prices competitive, promote what is different, or be easier to buy from.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Learning Objectives
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
1
Explain what a business plan is.
2
Explain the main sections of a business plan.
3
Explain how a business plan helps to minimise risk.
4
Explain how a business plan helps an entrepreneur to obtain finance.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
What Is a Business Plan?
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
A business plan is a written document that sets out what a new business will do and how it will do it.
When it is written
Before the business starts, or before a big change such as opening a second site.
Who it is for
The entrepreneur, and anyone they want money from - a bank, an investor or a crowdfunding audience.
What it contains
Everything covered in this topic: the idea, the aims, the market research, the finances, the location and the marketing mix.
Why it matters
It turns an idea into a plan that can be checked, questioned and followed.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Thinking It Through
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
Writing a business plan forces every part of the idea to be thought through.
Writing a business plan takes time, but it forces the entrepreneur to answer hard questions before spending any money. Who will buy this? How much will it cost? When will it make a profit? Where will the money come from?
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
PART ONE
What Goes in a Business Plan
The main sections - and where each one comes from.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
The Main Sections of a Business Plan
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
The business idea
What the business will sell, and what makes it different from competitors.
Aims and objectives
What the business wants to achieve, and the targets it will measure itself against.
Target market
Who the customers are, backed up by market research.
Forecast revenue, costs and profit
How much the business expects to sell, spend and earn, and its break-even point.
Cash-flow forecast
The cash expected to come in and go out, month by month.
Sources of finance
How much money is needed, and where it will come from.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
The Main Sections of a Business Plan (cont.)
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
Location
Where the business will be based, and why.
Marketing mix
The product, price, promotion and place.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Building a Business Plan
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
Each section builds on the one before it.
1
The idea
Describe the product and what makes it different.
2
The market
Use market research to show who will buy it and how many.
3
The finances
Forecast revenue, costs, profit, break-even and cash flow.
4
The money
Show how much is needed and where it will come from.
5
The operation
Set out the location and the marketing mix.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
PART TWO
Why Plan?
Two big reasons: less risk, and access to finance.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Minimising Risk
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
Planning cannot remove risk, but it can reduce it.
Thinking it through
Writing each section forces the entrepreneur to check every part of the idea before spending money.
Spotting problems early
A cash-flow forecast might show a shortage in month three, so an overdraft can be arranged in advance.
Testing the idea
If the forecasts show the business will never break even, the entrepreneur can change the idea - or drop it - before losing money.
Setting targets
The plan gives targets to measure progress against, so problems are noticed quickly once the business is running.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Obtaining Finance
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
Banks and investors rarely hand over money without a business plan.
Evidence
The plan shows lenders that the entrepreneur has researched the market and understands the finances.
Repayment
The cash-flow forecast shows a bank how and when a loan could be repaid.
Confidence
A clear, realistic plan convinces investors the business is worth backing.
Required
Many lenders, including government-backed start-up loan schemes, ask for a business plan and cash-flow forecast before they lend.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Showing the Plan
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
A lender or adviser will test every number in the plan.
WHAT A LENDER LOOKS FOR
Research
Real evidence that customers want the product.
Realistic numbers
Forecasts that are believable, not wishful.
Repayment
A cash-flow forecast that shows the loan can be repaid.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Business Plans: For and Against
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
BENEFITS
• Makes the entrepreneur think through every part of the idea.
• Reduces the risk of failure by spotting problems early.
• Needed to obtain finance from banks and investors.
• Sets targets to measure progress against.
LIMITATIONS
• Forecasts are only estimates and may be wrong.
• Entrepreneurs can be too optimistic about sales.
• Takes time to research and write.
• Can quickly go out of date as the market changes.
• A good plan does not guarantee success.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
CASE STUDY
Start Up Loans: No Plan, No Loan
The UK government's Start Up Loans scheme, set up in 2012, lends people between £500 and £25,000 to start a business, at a fixed interest rate. Before anyone receives a loan, they must write a business plan and a cash-flow forecast, and the scheme gives them free guidance and a business mentor to help. The plan is how the lender judges whether the business can succeed and repay the money - and writing it helps the new owner spot problems before they spend a penny.
2012
Start Up Loans scheme launched
£500-£25,000
The amount a new business can borrow
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Key Terms
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
Business plan
A written document setting out what a new business will do and how it will do it.
Forecast
A prediction of future figures, such as sales, costs or cash flow.
Risk
The chance that something will go wrong, such as the business failing.
Finance
The money needed to start, run or grow a business.
Investor
A person or business that puts money into a business in return for a share of it.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
YOUR TASK
Plan It
20 minutes
Write a one-page business plan for a small business idea of your own - for example a car-washing service, a cake business or a phone repair stall. Include a short sentence or two for each of the eight sections, and one number for each forecast.
1
The idea and what makes it different.
2
Aims and objectives.
3
Target market and research.
4
Revenue, costs, profit and break-even.
5
Cash flow and sources of finance.
6
Location and marketing mix.
WHAT A GOOD ANSWER SHOWS
A plan covering all eight sections, with realistic figures for price, costs, break-even and start-up finance, and a target market backed by at least one piece of research.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Can I...?
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
Explain what a business plan is.
List the main sections of a business plan.
Explain how a business plan minimises risk.
Explain how a business plan helps obtain finance.
Explain the limitations of a business plan.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Summary & Exam Focus
A business plan sets out the idea, aims, target market, finances, location and marketing mix.
It reduces risk by making the entrepreneur think everything through and spot problems early.
It is usually needed to obtain finance from banks and investors.
But forecasts may be wrong, and a plan does not guarantee success.
EXAM FOCUS
Explain one reason why a bank might ask to see a business plan before lending to a new business. (3 marks)
Link the plan to the lender's worry: will the loan be repaid? The cash-flow forecast and financial forecasts show whether it can be.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Exam Practice: Business Plans
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
Answer all questions. Use the context of the business in the question where one is given. · 25 minutes
Question 1 · 1 mark · Define
Define the term 'business plan'.
Question 2 · 1 mark · State
State one section that would be included in a business plan.
Question 3 · 2 marks · Outline
Outline one way a business plan can help to minimise risk for a new business.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Exam Practice: Business Plans (cont.)
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
Question 4 · 3 marks · Explain
Explain one reason why a bank might ask to see a business plan before lending to a new business.
Question 5 · 6 marks · Analyse
Analyse the benefits to Marcus of writing a business plan.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 1 · 1 mark · Define
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
“
Define the term 'business plan'.
HOW TO ANSWER IT
Command word: Define. Worth 1 mark, so plan before writing.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 1 · mark scheme
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
1 mark available. Award a mark for each point made.
A document setting out the business idea / aims / how it will be achieved
1 mark
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 2 · 1 mark · State
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
“
State one section that would be included in a business plan.
HOW TO ANSWER IT
Command word: State. Worth 1 mark, so plan before writing.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 2 · mark scheme
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
1 mark available. Award a mark for each point made.
Any one of: the business idea; aims and objectives; target market / market research; forecast revenue, costs and profit; cash-flow forecast; sources of finance; location; marketing mix
1 mark
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 3 · 2 marks · Outline
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
“
Outline one way a business plan can help to minimise risk for a new business.
HOW TO ANSWER IT
Command word: Outline. Worth 2 marks, so plan before writing.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 3 · mark scheme
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
2 marks available. Award a mark for each point made.
A way identified, e.g. thinking it through / spotting problems / testing the idea / setting targets
1 mark
Developed: how this reduces risk
1 mark
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 4 · 3 marks · Explain
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
“
Explain one reason why a bank might ask to see a business plan before lending to a new business.
HOW TO ANSWER IT
Command word: Explain. Worth 3 marks, so plan before writing.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 4 · mark scheme
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
3 marks available. Award a mark for each point made.
A reason identified, e.g. to judge whether the loan can be repaid / to see the idea is researched
1 mark
First linked point of explanation
1 mark
Second linked point of explanation
1 mark
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 5 · 6 marks · Analyse
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
“
Analyse the benefits to Marcus of writing a business plan.
— Marcus wants to open a small bike repair shop and needs a £15,000 bank loan to buy tools and fit out a rented unit. A friend has told him that writing a business plan is a waste…
HOW TO ANSWER IT
Command word: Analyse. Worth 6 marks, so plan before writing.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 5 · mark scheme
Making the business effective
Lesson 4 of 4
6 marks available. Award a mark for each point made.
AO2 (Application, 3 marks): uses the context - the bike repair shop, the £15,000 loan, the rented unit
Level 1-3
AO3a (Analysis, 3 marks): chains of reasoning showing how the plan helps obtain finance and reduce risk
Level 1-3
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