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Maths · Edexcel Paper 1

Statistics

The statistics skills tested on Edexcel Paper 1: averages and range, charts and diagrams, scatter graphs, cumulative frequency and box plots, and histograms and sampling.

  • 5 lessons
  • Edexcel
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Lessons

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Key terms in this chapter

All 45, gathered from every lesson.

Mean
The sum of the values divided by how many there are.
Median
The middle value when the data is in order.
Mode
The value that occurs most often.
Range
The difference between the largest and smallest values.
Outlier
A value that is much larger or smaller than the others.
Frequency table
A table showing how often each value occurs.
Grouped data
Data sorted into classes, such as \(0 < t \leq 10\).
Mid-point
The middle value of a class, used to estimate the mean of grouped data.
Modal class
The class with the highest frequency.
Pie chart
A circular chart where the angle of each sector represents its share of the total.
Sector
A slice of a pie chart.
Bar chart
A chart that uses bars of different heights to show frequencies.
Dual bar chart
A bar chart with two sets of bars side by side.
Stem-and-leaf diagram
A diagram that shows data by splitting each value into a stem and a leaf.
Stem
The first digit or digits of each value in a stem-and-leaf diagram.
Leaf
The last digit of each value in a stem-and-leaf diagram.
Key
A note that explains what the values in a chart or diagram mean.
Frequency
The number of times a value or category occurs.
Scatter graph
A graph of plotted points showing how two variables are related.
Correlation
The relationship between two variables.
Positive correlation
Both variables increase together.
Negative correlation
One variable increases as the other decreases.
Line of best fit
A straight line drawn through the middle of the points on a scatter graph.
Outlier
A point that does not fit the pattern.
Interpolation
Estimating a value within the range of the data.
Extrapolation
Estimating a value outside the range of the data.
Causation
When one thing makes another happen.
Cumulative frequency
The running total of the frequencies.
Quartile
A value that divides the ordered data into four equal parts.
Lower quartile
The value a quarter of the way through the ordered data.
Upper quartile
The value three quarters of the way through the ordered data.
Interquartile range
The upper quartile minus the lower quartile.
Box plot
A diagram that shows the minimum, quartiles, median and maximum.
Percentile
A value that divides the data into 100 equal parts.
Distribution
The way data is spread out.
Consistent
Closely grouped, with little variation.
Histogram
A chart with touching bars where the area of each bar shows the frequency.
Frequency density
Frequency divided by class width, used as the height of a histogram bar.
Class width
The size of a class, found by subtracting its lower boundary from its upper boundary.
Population
The whole group that is being studied.
Sample
A part of the population that is selected for study.
Bias
A tendency for a sample to favour some outcomes over others.
Random sample
A sample where every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen.
Stratified sample
A sample where each group is represented in proportion to its size.
Capture-recapture
A method of estimating the size of a population by marking and recapturing members.