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Revenue costs and profit - Teacher Slides.pptx
The lesson slides with the teacher's notes on each slide, and every question and mark scheme built in. Built from the lesson script on 25 September 2026.
EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Revenue, costs and profit
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Last Lesson
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Answer from memory before the answers appear.
1
What is the difference between an aim and an objective?
2
Name three financial aims.
3
Name two non-financial aims.
4
How do you calculate market share?
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Last Lesson - Answers
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
1
What is the difference between an aim and an objective?
An aim is a general long-term goal; an objective is a specific, measurable target.
2
Name three financial aims.
Any three of: survival, profit, sales, market share, financial security.
3
Name two non-financial aims.
Any two of: social objectives, personal satisfaction, challenge, independence and control.
4
How do you calculate market share?
(Business's sales ÷ total market sales) × 100.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Learning Objectives
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
1
Calculate revenue.
2
Explain and calculate fixed costs, variable costs and total costs.
3
Calculate profit and loss.
4
Calculate interest on a loan as a percentage.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
THE BIG IDEA
Profit = revenue - costs. Everything else in this lesson is about getting those two numbers right.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Revenue
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Revenue is the money a business receives from selling its products.
Formula
Revenue = sales price × quantity sold.
Also called
Sales revenue, turnover or income.
Not the same as profit
Revenue is all the money coming in, before any costs are paid.
Example
A café sells 3,000 coffees at £4 each: revenue = £4 × 3,000 = £12,000.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Every Sale Is Revenue
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Price × quantity: every sale adds to revenue.
Every time a customer pays, the business's revenue goes up. But revenue alone says nothing about whether the business is doing well - that depends on how much it cost to make and sell the product.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
PART ONE
Costs
Some costs stay the same however much is sold. Others rise with every sale.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Fixed or Variable Costs?
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
FIXED COSTS
• Do not change with the number of products made or sold.
• Must be paid even if nothing is sold.
• Examples: rent, salaries, insurance, loan repayments, advertising.
• Can change over time, e.g. when the rent goes up.
VARIABLE COSTS
• Change directly with the number of products made or sold.
• Are zero if nothing is made.
• Examples: raw materials, ingredients, packaging, stock.
• Total variable costs = variable cost per unit × quantity.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Fixed and Variable Costs
Rent must be paid whatever happens. Ingredients are only needed for every cup sold.
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Rent: a fixed cost.
Ingredients: a variable cost.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Total Costs
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Total costs are everything a business spends to make and sell its products.
Formula
Total costs = fixed costs + total variable costs.
Total variable costs
Variable cost per unit × quantity sold.
Example
The café's fixed costs are £6,000 a month and each coffee costs £1.50 to make. Selling 3,000 coffees: total variable costs = £1.50 × 3,000 = £4,500. Total costs = £6,000 + £4,500 = £10,500.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
PART TWO
Profit and Loss
What is left - or missing - once costs are paid.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Profit and Loss
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Profit = total revenue - total costs.
Profit
When revenue is greater than total costs, the business makes a profit.
Loss
When total costs are greater than revenue, the business makes a loss. A loss is shown as a negative number or in brackets, e.g. -£500 or (£500).
Why it matters
Profit rewards the owner and can be reinvested; losses cannot go on for ever, or the business will fail.
Example
The café's revenue is £12,000 and its total costs are £10,500, so its profit = £12,000 - £10,500 = £1,500.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
The Café's Month in Numbers
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Work through it in order, and show every step.
A café sells 3,000 coffees at £4 each. Its fixed costs are £6,000 a month and each coffee costs £1.50 to make. Calculate its profit.
1
Revenue
£4 × 3,000 = £12,000
2
Total variable costs
£1.50 × 3,000 = £4,500
3
Total costs
£6,000 + £4,500 = £10,500
4
Profit
£12,000 - £10,500 = £1,500
ANSWER
Profit = £1,500
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
The Café's Month at a Glance
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
£12,000
Revenue
£6,000
Fixed costs
£4,500
Total variable costs
£1,500
Profit
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
PART THREE
Interest
The cost of borrowing money.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Interest on Loans
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Interest is the extra money a business pays back on top of what it borrowed.
What it is
The cost of borrowing - the reward the lender gets for lending the money.
Formula
Interest (%) = (total repayment - borrowed amount) ÷ borrowed amount × 100.
A fixed cost
Interest must be paid whatever the business sells, so it adds to fixed costs and reduces profit.
Why it matters
A high interest rate makes borrowing expensive, so a business may borrow less or look for cheaper finance.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Calculating Interest as a Percentage
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Edexcel asks for interest as a percentage of the amount borrowed.
A business borrows £5,000 and repays £5,600 in total. Calculate the rate of interest.
1
Find the interest paid
£5,600 - £5,000 = £600
2
Divide by the amount borrowed
£600 ÷ £5,000 = 0.12
3
Multiply by 100
0.12 × 100 = 12%
ANSWER
Interest = 12%
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
CASE STUDY
When Fixed Costs Rise
In 2022 wholesale energy prices rose sharply across the UK. Many small bakeries, which run ovens for hours every day, saw their energy bills rise several times over. Energy is largely a fixed cost for a bakery - the ovens must be heated whether it sells 100 loaves or 1,000 - so higher bills cut straight into profit. Some bakeries raised their prices to protect their profit, some cut their opening hours, and some were forced to close.
2022
Energy prices rise sharply
Profit
Falls when fixed costs rise and prices do not
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Key Terms
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Revenue
The money a business receives from sales. Price × quantity sold.
Fixed costs
Costs that do not change with the number of products made or sold, such as rent.
Variable costs
Costs that change directly with the number of products made or sold, such as raw materials.
Total costs
Fixed costs + total variable costs.
Profit
Total revenue minus total costs, when revenue is greater.
Loss
When total costs are greater than total revenue.
Interest
The cost of borrowing money, paid on top of the amount borrowed.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Fixed or Variable?
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Match each cost to its type.
Cost
Type
Rent for the shop
A
Fixed
1
Flour for each loaf
B
Variable
2
The manager's salary
C
Fixed
3
Packaging for each order
D
Variable
4
Insurance
E
Fixed
5
Stock bought to sell
F
Variable
6
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
YOUR TASK
Run the Numbers
12 minutes
A phone case business sells 500 cases a month at £12 each. Its fixed costs are £2,000 a month and each case costs £5 to make. Calculate its revenue, total costs and profit. Then work out what happens to its profit if it sells only 250 cases.
1
Calculate revenue.
2
Calculate total variable costs, then total costs.
3
Calculate profit.
4
Repeat for 250 cases.
WHAT A GOOD ANSWER SHOWS
Revenue £6,000, total costs £4,500 and profit £1,500 at 500 cases; revenue £3,000, total costs £3,250 and a loss of £250 at 250 cases.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Can I...?
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Calculate revenue.
Explain fixed costs, with examples.
Explain variable costs, with examples.
Calculate total variable costs.
Calculate total costs.
Calculate profit or loss.
Calculate interest as a percentage.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Summary & Exam Focus
Revenue = price × quantity.
Total costs = fixed costs + total variable costs.
Profit = total revenue - total costs.
Interest (%) = (total repayment - borrowed amount) ÷ borrowed amount × 100.
EXAM FOCUS
Calculate the profit a business makes if it sells 800 units at £8 each, with fixed costs of £2,000 and variable costs of £3 per unit. (2 marks)
Write the formula first, then the numbers, then the answer with its unit (£ or %). A correct method can earn a mark even if the final answer is wrong.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Exam Practice: Revenue, Costs and Profit
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Answer all questions. Show your working in calculations. · 25 minutes
Question 1 · 1 mark · Define
Define the term 'variable costs'.
Question 2 · 2 marks · Calculate
A business makes 800 units a month. Its fixed costs are £2,000 a month and its variable costs are £3 per unit. Calculate its total costs…
Question 3 · 2 marks · Calculate
The same business sells all 800 units at £8 each. Using your answer above, calculate its profit. You are advised to show your working.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Exam Practice: Revenue, Costs and Profit (cont.)
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
Question 4 · 2 marks · Calculate
Jess borrows £10,000 to open a nail salon. She repays £11,500 in total. Calculate the rate of interest on the loan. You are advised to show…
Question 5 · 3 marks · Explain
Explain one impact on a business of an increase in its fixed costs.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 1 · 1 mark · Define
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
“
Define the term 'variable costs'.
HOW TO ANSWER IT
Command word: Define. Worth 1 mark, so plan before writing.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 1 · mark scheme
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
1 mark available. Award a mark for each point made.
Costs that vary with output / sales
1 mark
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 2 · 2 marks · Calculate
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
“
A business makes 800 units a month. Its fixed costs are £2,000 a month and its variable costs are £3 per unit. Calculate its total costs. You are advised to show your working.
HOW TO ANSWER IT
Command word: Calculate. Worth 2 marks, so plan before writing.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 2 · mark scheme
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
2 marks available. Award a mark for each point made.
Correct method: fixed costs + (variable cost per unit × quantity)
1 mark
Correct answer: £4,400
1 mark (award 2 marks for the correct answer with no working)
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 3 · 2 marks · Calculate
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
“
The same business sells all 800 units at £8 each. Using your answer above, calculate its profit. You are advised to show your working.
HOW TO ANSWER IT
Command word: Calculate. Worth 2 marks, so plan before writing.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 3 · mark scheme
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
2 marks available. Award a mark for each point made.
Correct method: (price × quantity) - total costs
1 mark
Correct answer: £2,000
1 mark (award 2 marks for the correct answer with no working; own figure rule applies)
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 4 · 2 marks · Calculate
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
“
Jess borrows £10,000 to open a nail salon. She repays £11,500 in total. Calculate the rate of interest on the loan. You are advised to show your working.
HOW TO ANSWER IT
Command word: Calculate. Worth 2 marks, so plan before writing.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 4 · mark scheme
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
2 marks available. Award a mark for each point made.
Correct method: (total repayment - borrowed amount) ÷ borrowed amount × 100
1 mark
Correct answer: 15%
1 mark (award 2 marks for the correct answer with no working)
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 5 · 3 marks · Explain
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
“
Explain one impact on a business of an increase in its fixed costs.
HOW TO ANSWER IT
Command word: Explain. Worth 3 marks, so plan before writing.
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EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS · PAPER 1
Question 5 · mark scheme
Putting a business idea into practice
Lesson 2 of 5
3 marks available. Award a mark for each point made.
An impact identified, e.g. lower profit / higher total costs / may need to raise prices
1 mark
First linked point of explanation
1 mark
Second linked point of explanation
1 mark
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