2.15 Cancer
6 exam questions worth 11 marks. Write your answer, open the mark scheme, then give yourself the marks you earned. Your answers are saved on this device.
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Describe what cancer is.
Mark scheme
- (result of) changes in cells / mutations (1)
- leading to uncontrolled growth and division (1)
Model answer
Cancer is the result of changes in cells that cause them to grow and divide in an uncontrolled way.
Which statement describes a benign tumour?
Choose one answer.
Correct Not quite: the answer is Its cells stay in one area and do not spread
Mark scheme
C
Model answer
C: its cells stay in one area and do not spread to other parts of the body.
Explain how a malignant tumour can lead to tumours in other parts of the body.
Mark scheme
- cells (from the malignant tumour) invade neighbouring tissues (1)
- cells break off and enter / are carried in the blood (1)
- (settle elsewhere and) form secondary tumours (1)
Model answer
Cells from the malignant tumour invade the tissues around it. Some cells break off and are carried in the blood to other parts of the body, where they settle and divide to form secondary tumours.
Give two lifestyle risk factors for cancer.
Mark scheme
Any two from:
- smoking (1)
- obesity (1)
- alcohol (1)
- exposure to UV / sunbeds (1)
Model answer
Smoking and too much exposure to ultraviolet light.
A woman has a faulty BRCA gene. Explain why doctors may check her more often for breast cancer.
Mark scheme
- the gene is a genetic risk factor / increases the risk of breast cancer (1)
- early detection means treatment before the cancer spreads / better chance of cure (1)
Model answer
The faulty gene greatly increases her risk of breast cancer. Regular checks mean any cancer can be found early and treated before it spreads.
A benign tumour in the brain can still be dangerous.
Suggest why.
Mark scheme
it can press on / damage (nearby) brain tissue / organs
Model answer
As it grows, it can press on and damage the brain tissue around it.
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